How to teach a child to pronounce the sound "P"?

Every child develops in its own way. Someone reads poetry at the age of two, and someone only at four learns the pronunciation of certain sounds. Nevertheless, there are certain generally accepted norms for mastering the sounds of speech. One of the last in the child appears the sound "P". Under favorable conditions for the development of the baby, this happens in the fifth year of life. Some babies are much earlier - in three or even two years. But still, if the sound is absent in speech by five years, this can be considered a pathology of speech.

Predisposing factors to the incorrect pronunciation of "P" may be the following:

1. Short hyoid bridle. It is able to limit the movement of the tip and the front of the back of the tongue up.
2. Insufficient air jet pressure when pronouncing this sound.
3. Limited mobility of the muscles of the tongue, which leads to the inability to take the correct articulation position and perform voluntary movements of the language.

If a child has a short bridle that does not require cropping, then work should be done to stretch it. It includes massage and articulation gymnastics. Make a massage is quite possible at home. You need to grab the bridle with your thumb and forefinger at the very bottom under the tongue and rub it with pressing movements. It is necessary to knead a bridle on all length, trying to stretch it. But be careful not to damage it. Perform several such movements. After a while you will see that the bridle has increased.

As an example of articulation exercises for stretching the bridle we offer you the following:

• “Reach out to the nose.” Need to smile, open your mouth. Lift the wide tip of the tongue up to the nose, and then lower to the upper lip. In this case, the tongue should not be narrowed, and the jaws should remain motionless.
• "Reach for the chin." Smile and open your mouth. Try to reach wide chin. Ensure that the jaws are still.
• "Painter". Smile and open your mouth. The tip of the tongue stroke the sky from the teeth to the throat. The lower jaw is motionless.

There are rules that parents should keep in mind so as not to harm their child during exercise:

1. It is necessary to open the mouth as wide as possible, but at the same time the child must reach the alveoli.
2. All exercises should be performed slowly, close to the limit of the possible. Remember, during exercise, the tongue may get tired, the bridle may start to hurt, so you need to give your child a rest.

As mentioned earlier, the reason for the violation of the pronunciation of the sound "P" may be an insufficient force of the air jet. We offer you exercises aimed at increasing it:

• "Inflate the balls." Inflate the two cheeks and hold the air in them.

• "Ball rolling". Inflate the cheeks and roll the air from one cheek to another.

• Put a wide tongue on the lower lip. Fold the edges of the tongue so that the groove is formed. Easy to blow through the groove.

• Blow to pieces of cotton tied to a thread; blowing a pencil on the table so that it rolls, blowing on a dandelion, blowing bubbles.

Strengthening the muscles of the tongue and the development of articulatory motility contribute to the exercises in which the tongue rises up to the palate. Here are some of them:

• "Horse" - click the language, stretching the hyoid ligament.
• “Turkey” - you need to quickly touch the upper lip with the end of the tongue and accompany these movements with sounds like bl-bl-bl
• "Accordion" - pull the tongue to the sky. Hold him in that position while lowering and raising the lower jaw.

This sound is generated when the tip of the tongue vibrates. In order to call it, there are two techniques that can be applied at home. Just do not forget that this should be preceded by preliminary work to strengthen the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, described above.

1. The first method: you need to raise the tongue up, press it to the alveoli and blow it strongly, while imitating a sound similar to zzzz. A jet of air that forms between the tip of the tongue and the alveoli can cause the tip of the tongue to vibrate.
2. Second method: pulling the whole tongue to the palate, stretch the hyoid ligament and inhale with the nose. Then strongly blow on the tongue, keeping it pulled, like at the sound of "T", the end of the tongue should remain behind the upper teeth. The result is a vibration of the tip of the tongue - trr.

Most often, the throat “P” is obtained when parents are forced to pronounce this sound without prior preparation and showing correct articulation.

If your child has a vibration, then the next step will be to fix the received sound in syllables. Remember, when pronouncing the syllables, the sound “P” needs to be pronounced long, stretching it. Later, when the sound will be good, it will need to be gradually shortened.

Open syllables:

• RA-RA-RA
• Ro-ro-ro
• RU-RU-RU
• Ry-ry-ry
• RA-RA, RA-RO, RO-PY, RA-RU, RO-RO, RY-RO, PA-RU, etc.

Closed syllables:

• AR, OR, UR, YR
• ARA, ARO, OPA, URO, ORO, URA, ARA, ORA, etc.

First you need to use such words in which the sound "P" will be at the beginning of the word: rainbow, plant, grove, ditch, mouth, rye, hand, stream, shirt, pen, market, fisherman, lever, ginger.

Further, to fix the sound will require words in which the "P" stands in the middle of the word, but it is surrounded by vowels. We give an example of such words: mountains, city, heat, hole, headlight, steam, balls, choirs, on purpose, forty, etc.

Now - the sound of "P" is at the end of the word: dispute, choir, motor, heat, mosquito, samovar, peace, etc.

But in order to pronounce the words of this group, preliminary work on working out syllables in combination with a consonant sound is necessary:

• BRA-BRO-BRU-BRA
• VRA-VRO-VRU-VRU
• GRA-GRO-GRU-GRA
• DRA-DRO-DRU-DRY

These syllables should be pronounced both horizontally and vertically.

When pronouncing the soft sound “P”, the position of the articulation organs changes somewhat. The back of the tongue rises to the sky higher than when pronouncing a hard "P". In addition, the tongue moves forward to the teeth.

Fastening occurs in sogah in this order RI, RE, RYA, RYO, RYU.

We offer words that can be used to fix the soft sound "P":

• roar, hazel grouse, drawing, turnip, radish, carriage, lights, sailor, charging, birch
• fire, goalkeeper, beast, door
• alarm, crackle, trick, premium, surf, order, log, brigade, fortress, hook, dirt, crest, mushroom

The “P” sound can be confused with sounds such as a soft “P”, a sound “L”, and a soft “L”. In order to teach a child to distinguish these sounds, words are used that differ only in the sound that interests us. For example:

• Once - laz glad - series
• Lie - rye ball - ball
• Prick - reproach marriage - bryak
• Cancer - varnish heat - heat

In this article we have described in detail the work on the formulation of the sound "P" at home. We hope that this information will bring real benefits to those who care about the full and comprehensive development of their child. And in the next video, an experienced speech therapist will tell you how to teach a child to pronounce the letter R.

In the next video, an experienced speech therapist will tell you how to teach your child to pronounce the letter R.