Help for single mothers in 2018: benefits and benefits, subsidies and compensation

For single mothers, payments and benefits are guaranteed, which are guaranteed at the federal level. They are the same throughout the country. We will get acquainted with all types of state support for single mothers - benefits, allowances, subsidies and compensations.

Such a definition as a “single mother” appeared in the last century. In those days, women were the same in common people who gave birth to a child but did not have a legitimate husband.

This status has gained legal significance. Due to this, women in the status of single mothers can receive government assistance in various fields.

It is worth noting that there is no such clear-cut concept as a “single mother” at the legislative level, therefore there is no point in looking for a legal definition of this term in laws and any other legal acts.

For 2018, the only document listing these criteria is the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 1 of January 28, 2014.

Based on the explanations of the highest court, a single mother can be considered a woman (p. 28), which:

• carries out all functions (raises and educates) the parent alone without the participation of the father;
• raises and raises a child (children) alone, in the event of the death of their father;
• raises and brings up children alone, if the father is deprived of parental rights;
• in the case when the father was recognized as missing;
• in the case when the father was recognized as incapable / partially capable or stays in correctional institutions due to imprisonment;
• a woman can receive the status of a single mother, if the father of the child (children) for health reasons can not care for him (them) and contain;
• if the father evades the direct upbringing of the children, as well as the protection of their rights and interests (part 4, article 261 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Also, a woman can be recognized as a single mother in such cases:

• if no application was submitted to the registry office (jointly from the father and the mother) about determining the paternity of the child (s)
• if the child (children) was born not in an officially registered marriage or later than 300 days after the termination of the marriage relationship between the husband and wife (in this case the death of the father is also taken into account);
• if the child (children) was adopted by a woman at the time when she was not officially married;
• if there was no paternity establishment (in this case, there are also such situations when the baby was born in an official marriage or within 300 days from the moment of its termination);
• if the court proved that the man who was listed on the birth certificate as the father is in fact not his biological parent.

Not only a woman raising a single child alone, but also a mother with many children is entitled to receive the status of a single mother. A mother of a large family is a woman who has in her care three children, the eldest of whom has not yet reached the age of majority (18 years). It should be borne in mind that these age limits can be extended to 23 years old if the child enrolled in a state university or went to serve in the army.

In 2018, state support for single mothers is carried out in various fields and at different levels. So, certain types of benefits are listed in:

• Labor Code (Labor Code);
• Family Code (RF IC);
• Tax Code (NK RF);
• Federal Law No. 81 (on state benefits for citizens with children).

A number of benefits for single moms is provided by the housing code.

A woman recognized as a single mother is entitled to receive material assistance from the state in the form of benefits. Benefits are paid to single mothers from the regional budget of the Russian Federation.

Absolutely all types of child benefits for single mothers are divided into 2 types:

• lump sum payments;
• benefits that are paid daily (these payments are calculated until the child reaches a certain age).

As practice shows, benefits paid at different levels can vary considerably. But despite this, single mothers are always under serious protection of the state.

In case of need, each single mother can receive from the state annual additional financial assistance the decision on the payment of which is made on the basis of an assessment of living conditions. Computer and even new wallpaper can serve as a pretext for refusal to pay.

To understand what are such payments, it is enough to pay attention to their name. Lump-sum benefits are not calculated monthly or annually - they are paid only once per fact of a particular event. Such an event can be childbirth.

Like any citizen of the Russian Federation, single mother laid financial assistance from the state after childbirth. From February 1, 2018 the amount of the specified payment is 16873 rubles. The amount given is the same for all - it does not affect her, whether the woman is employed or is unemployed. No effect on this amount and the financial situation of the mother.

She should apply for this payment directly to her employer (if the woman is employed), as well as to the social protection authorities (if the woman is not employed). This should be done within 6 months after the birth of the baby.

Monthly payments are assigned to the mother and paid until the child is 1.5 years old. The amount of this type of benefit is 40% of the average wage for the 2 years preceding pregnancy.

Each month, benefits are also paid to officially employed and unemployed women. In order for a working mother to receive these benefits, you need to contact your employer. In this case, the payment will be made by the Social Insurance Fund.

In accordance with Art.173 FZ of 19.05.1995 No. 81-FZ, constituent entities of the Russian Federation may apply increased monthly child benefits for single mothers.

For registration of a monthly allowance for a child, you need to contact the bodies of social protection of the population at the place of residence and:

• provide a passport;
• show birth certificate;
• to get a certificate from the housing office about the joint residence of the mother and child;
• provide a work book;
• specify details in the bank with the account number for transfers;
• provide a certificate of work confirming income for the last 3 months.
• submit an application (the employee of the social protection authority will prompt the details of the filling) with information on family income.

As for citizens who do not have a job, they need to go to the social welfare authorities at their place of residence to get and receive payments (which are charged every month) for child care.

Charges for pregnancy and childbirth (another name - maternity) are laid exclusively officially employed women. With the onset of 30 weeks of pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, mothers are given a special sheet of disability. With its receipt, a working pregnant woman has the opportunity to receive payments that make up the average monthly salary.

At the birth of the second baby, the same payments are due as at the birth of the first. Only their immediate sum differs.

However, raising two children alone is much harder and more costly than one child. Based on this important nuance, government agencies provide extra help to single mothers: on the second child in a month are given larger charges than on the first.

The Labor Code also protects single mothers. Women with this status should be well aware of their rights in order to protect, if necessary, not only their own interests, but also the interests of their child (s).

Labor Code of the Russian Federation restricts the work of single moms at night (Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Such types of work with the written consent may involve women, in the upbringing of which there is a child under 5 years old (when the mother brings him up alone, that is, without a spouse). This law also applies to men who raise children (up to 5 years) without a spouse. Of course, this work should be allowed to citizens for medical reasons.

The refusal of single moms to work at night in this case is not a violation of labor discipline. Moreover, the legislator establishes one important rule - a woman should be aware of the right to refuse to work at night in writing.

It should be borne in mind that mothers who have children who are not yet 3 years old must be in writing acquainted with their right to refuse to travel, work overtime or work during non-working / weekends / holidays. Single fathers and mothers raising children aged 5 years have the same right (article 259 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Women who are raising a child alone (children) can also be provided additional holidays. This law concerns mothers who have care for children whose age has not reached 14 years. The collective agreement in this case can be recorded annual additional leave, but at the same time wages will not be saved. Citizens can go on additional leave at any time convenient for them.The duration of such leave may not exceed 14 calendar days.

This type of leave is granted to single mothers only upon written request. It can be attached to paid leave (which is provided annually) or sold separately (in whole or in part).

It is necessary to take into account the fact that it is not allowed to transfer additional leave to the next year (Article 263 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In addition, if the collective agreement does not provide for the possibility of this type of leave, the single mother cannot demand it, referring to the articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

When raising a disabled child of a single mother, 4 additional paid days off per month are relied on (letter of the Social Security Fund of the Russian Federation of September 15, 1994 No. 416 USH).

Work with an established part-time or part-time working week can be fixed both during the conclusion of an employment contract and during its direct action (however, the period of reduced working time is set for a specific time or is not fixed at all).

Employees of this category are entitled to annual leave, and their experience is entered into the work book as a full time job. Like other employees, single mothers with reduced working hours may receive bonuses.

In this situation, wages are paid commensurately with the working time or depending on the amount of work done (article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Exceptions are the following situations. (Clauses 1, 5-8, 10, 11, Part 1, Article 81, Section 2, Article 336 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation):

• termination of the employment contract due to the liquidation of the organization;
• in case of stopping the activity of an individual entrepreneur;
• repeated non-fulfillment by the employee of his main job duties (without good reason);
• if the employee has a disciplinary action;
• if the employee at least once grossly violated his job duties (clause 6 of article 81ТК RF).

Significant violations by an employee of labor duties include:

• absenteeism (non-presence in the workplace) without any valid reason throughout the working day or shift, regardless of the specific time;
• absence in the workplace for 4 hours without a serious reason;
• appearance at work (in this case, the territory of the organization, and the immediate workplace, and the place where the person performs the basic functions) are taken into account in a state of alcohol / drug intoxication or intoxication;
• disclosure of secrets, which is protected by law (it can be a state, commercial, official or any other secret);
• committing at the place of work the theft of another's property, waste, as well as the deliberate destruction or damage to things;
• violation of labor protection requirements, if this was the cause of serious consequences, or deliberately created a significant threat of such occurrence.

Also, a single mother has the right to dismiss if she, while working with monetary or commodity values, committed guilty acts.

Workers associated with educational activities who have committed immoral acts on their part can also be suspended from work.

A woman in the status of a single mother can legally be dismissed even if she, while applying for a job, provided false documents.

As for teachers, they can be dismissed if they allow themselves physical or serious psychological effects on the wards.

A single mother may be dismissed if the term employment contract is completed.

Many single mothers have experienced cuts at work. In this case, you also need to know your rights, which are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with article 261 of the LC RF termination of employment with women whose children have not reached 3 years old, single mothers raising a child under 14 years old and other citizens who have children left without a mother in attendance at the will of the employer not allowed. The only exceptions are the situations listed above.

However, it is worth considering that case of liquidation of the organization single mother should be offered an alternative place of work. The administration of the enterprise that is terminating is responsible for its search.

When a child receives treatment in a hospital, the amount of payments will depend directly on the work experience of the mother.

In the case when the baby gets sick up to 7 months, the payment of sick leave is carried out without restrictions. If the child is older, then only 15 days of sick leave are payable.

Like all other parents of minor children, single mothers are entitled to receive a tax deduction. In this case, its value increases. Single mothers receive a double deduction for each child.

In Russia, tax breaks at the federal level primarily concern employed single mothers. They concern the direct calculation of taxes. Tax benefits can be divided into two categories:

• provided in kind - such benefits were covered earlier - these are additional days off and time off, refusal to work overtime and other relevant points;
• paid in monetary terms - in fact, this is one personal income tax benefit - the above-mentioned tax deduction per child, which can significantly support the budget of a single mother (especially for women with two children or more).

To clarify their list, you should contact the social bodies of protection of the population of a particular area or city.

There are often situations when a woman is not employed even while carrying a child. Then she will receive less payments than the employed future mother. Moreover, it should be taken into account that for unemployed single mothers all types of benefits are accrued in the minimum amount. At the same time, they are paid exclusively through the social security authorities.

Women who are unemployed can receive only 2 types of payments:

• one-time payment after delivery;
• monthly benefits, cured before the child reaches 1.5 years.

Despite this, unemployed pregnant women may qualify for additional regional payments. For example, such benefits are provided for the poor or are paid for the second or third child.

In addition to benefits in the tax and labor sphere, women raising a child without a father have certain rights in the social sphere, which include:

• providing mothers with a 50% discount on medications that are bought for children over 3 years old;
• assisting in the collection of children to school, in the event that a woman can not get for him all the required items and things;
• children who are raised only by their mother have the right to eat 2 times in the school canteen (for this you need to submit an application to an educational institution in the name of the director);
• providing free massage services for children (held in specialized clinics);
• free provision of vouchers to sanatoriums and camps for children;
• preferential queues for admission to kindergarten, if the child does not have a father;
• a single mother is given a 50% discount on payment for kindergarten;
• a 30% discount on the child’s education in additional education institutions (for example, it can be circles, various schools such as music or art).

In 2018, single mothers have benefits related to the housing industry.

The receipt and use of maternity capital is in no way connected with the status of a woman. She can be a single mother or have a spouse - in both cases, the order of payment depends on her decision.

To participate in the housing program, single mothers should prepare a package of documents. They are sent to the housing commission, which is located in the administration at the place of residence of the applicant.

You will need the following documents:

• statement;
• applicant's passport;
• identity of a single mother;
• certificate of income;
• document the value of the property owned by the applicant;
• birth certificate of the child;
• document confirming registration for 10 years;
• Act of inspection of living space over the past 5 years.

After examining all of these documents, employees of the housing commission recognize a woman to be poor, and also needing to improve their living conditions.

The process of obtaining housing for a woman with the status of "single mother" may be accelerated, for this you need:

• start collecting all the required documents until the child is 3 years old;
• go for advice to a lawyer who often encounters such questions;
• after submitting all documentation to the housing commission from time to time to find out about the progress of the submitted application.

A single mother cannot be evicted from the dormitory at the time of her dismissal if she does not receive other housing (subject to the emergence of housing relations before March 1, 2005).

There are no specific types of benefits related to public services for single mothers, but women who raise children alone can receive subsidies. These preferences are charged absolutely on all types of housing and communal services.

The size of subsidies for utilities varies depending on the specific region of the Russian Federation. So, in 2018 this indicator directly depends on:

• level of total family income;
• the volume of costs for utilities services.

A separate category includes single mothers who are military personnel. The position of such women is regulated by Federal Law No. 76 “On the Status of Military Personnel”.

Soldiers, women raising children without a spouse, are additionally protected by military decrees and orders.

In 2018, a mother soldier who single-handedly brings up a child (children) can count on the following benefits:

• free baby food for the child;
• compensation in monetary terms for a child whose age has not reached 3 years;
• free medicines for babies up to 3 years;
• free dairy kitchen for babies up to 2 years;
• discounts on housing and utilities for up to one and a half years.

If redundancies are foreseen in the unit in which a single mother serves, then, by law, she cannot be dismissed without a different position. It is allowed to transfer a soldier to another duty station, but for this purpose she must give her consent.

Payments for a sick child are provided in full in accordance with the military experience of the mother, if the treatment is carried out in a hospital. When undergoing treatment at home, 10 days are paid, after which payment occurs at 50% of the average salary.

If a female soldier brings up a child with a disability, then she can take 4 additional days off every month. In the event that the age of a single mother is less than 35 years old, she can take part in the program for obtaining living space.

In addition, lonely mothers in the military are given the following benefits:

• if a woman has a child who is not yet 14 years old, then leave should be given to her at a convenient time for her;
• during the period of maternity leave and care for the baby, the mothers of the servicemen will have both monetary and natural allowances;
• the time of childbearing is counted when calculating the length of service, and is also taken into account when receiving the next title;
• every month an additional allowance is paid, which starts to be charged after the child is 1 month old;
• Before a child turns 16, a single mother is entitled to receive 100% of the minimum wage;
• in a situation where the child is enrolled in the full-time department of an educational institution, the woman in whose care he is in may extend the accrual of payments until the dependent reaches 18 years of age;
• single mothers have the full right to refuse heavy physical labor, which is associated with a serious danger to health and life (Article 271 of the AF of the Armed Forces);
• single mothers cannot be involved in the garrison and guard duty (in this case, only garrison events are the exception);
• a female soldier who single-handedly brings up a child (children) has the right to be dismissed from the ranks of the armed forces on her own will and desire, but not on the orders of the commander.

A number of benefits are provided for those single mothers who have for a dependent child with a disability. In 2018, this category of citizens has the right to:

• monthly benefits if the mother is not employed because of the need to care for a sick child;
• if guardianship is established over a disabled child, the non-working mother can also receive monthly benefits;
• if a mother with a disability raises a child with a disability, then she can, by law, claim increased pension benefits;
• social and labor pensions are also increased if a single mother became disabled, which negatively affected her ability to work while raising a child with a disability;
• a single mother raising a disabled child has the right to receive regional payments provided for by various programs;
• a single mother has the right to use public transport free of charge as a person accompanying a disabled child;
• This category of citizens may qualify for the issuance of social housing;
• benefits for medical, sanatorium and prosthetic and orthopedic care;
• children with disabilities are paid a social pension with allowances (Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On State Pensions”, Art. 17, 21, 38, 113, 114, 115).

In 2018, special crisis centers operate for single mothers who have fallen into difficult life situations. Many of them were organized with the participation of a charitable foundation. Similar institutions exist in many cities and host:

• abused women not only in the family, but also abroad;
• single low-income mothers with minor children;
• juvenile single mothers and pregnant women.

As a rule, in crisis centers, single social services are provided to single mothers, all the necessary conditions for living, rational nutrition, soft inventory are created, transportation services are organized.

In addition, single mothers can receive the necessary legal assistance in a crisis center.

The loss of the status of a single mother can occur if:

• a woman married and her new husband adopted children;
• if the documents that the woman had previously submitted to the social security authorities of the population will have invalid / false information.

For information on the law of a single mother, and how you can save, see the following video.

For information on how to raise a child without a father, see the video of the psychologist Veronika Stepanova.