Child development at 4 years

Four-year-old children seem to be adults, but still very small. At this age, the development of the personality and character of the child continues, which should be gently corrected by the parents. What skills have the child already mastered for the 4th anniversary and what activities are suitable for the development of children 4-5 years old?

• Scarce is still agile and energetic, but he has already become more diligent and is able to do one thing for about 20 minutes. Fine motor skills are constantly being improved. Most four-year-olds especially like drawing.
• After 4 and a half years, the child changes outwardly, as he begins to actively develop muscle and bone tissue.
• For a child over 4 years old, the social component of development is very important. The kid makes friends among other children, trying to find a "common language" with them. A child well notices the feelings of other people, knows how to empathize. The kid learned to formulate his own thoughts in words. Many children of 4 years of age have imaginary friends.
• A child of 4 years continues to master native speech. For many children of this age is characterized by slight lisping. The vocabulary of the four-year plan is growing very rapidly (up to 2500-3000 words by the age of 5). The speech of the toddler is enriched with expression and intonation. The crumb voices own actions and everything that sees, and also constantly asks a large number of questions. In approximately 5% of kids, speech development at the initial stages is accompanied by stutter.
• Intellectual capabilities of a child of 4-4.5 years increase significantly. The kid is ready to learn letters and numbers.

Most children in 4-4.5 years are able to:

• Run, maintaining balance when changing direction or pace of movement.
• Stand on one leg for a few seconds, and also quickly jump several times from this position.
• Jump forward on both legs.
• Jump from a small height (up to 20 cm).
• Walk on the bench, keeping your balance.
• Play with the ball - throw and catch, get into objects from a distance.
• Ride a bike.
• It is clear and legible to talk, making phrases of 6-8 words. Keep the conversation going.
• Play with other kids in a group or as a pair.
• It is correct to call the plural nouns.
• It is true to use prepositions.
• Not respond hysterical for disappointment or resentment.
• Take care of the animal.
• Follow your own hygiene (go to the toilet on your own, use toilet paper, turn on the faucet).
• Gently eat with the use of a spoon and fork.
• Helping parents clean.
• Restrained to behave in public.
• Know some letters.
• Call your first name, middle name and last name, as well as address.
• To distinguish between living and nonliving.
• Understand the plot of a cartoon or performance.
• Know the names of animals, plants, professions, household items.
• Orient in terms of right-left-bottom-top.
• Compare items in width, height, length, quantity.
• Color drawings without going beyond the borders.
• Connect the dots with a line.
• String buttons and beads.
• Know the seasons, the weather, and part of the day.
• Identify the missing item.
• Retell the tale.
• Find the differences between the two images.
• Add puzzles from 2-4 elements.
• Summarize the subjects into groups.
• Find the same pair of objects.
• Identify extra items.
• Know the geometric shapes, as well as numbers up to 10.
• Use scissors.

Compared to the figures of 3 years, by the age of 4, the weight of the baby increases by about 2000-2200 grams, and the height - by 7-8 centimeters. In order to navigate the pace at which the child’s physical development takes place, doctors and parents compare the baby’s performance with the norms derived for children of this age group of a certain sex (girls usually have lower rates). We presented the mean values ​​and limits of the norm in the following table:

A child of four must move sufficiently, improve his dexterity, coordination and endurance. This is the goal of the physical development of the child, including gymnastics, dancing, exercising with his mother, swimming, cycling, outdoor games and many other options for activity.

Gymnastics, including dynamic exercises, it is important to carry out at least 2 times a week. She is performed during the day, long before bedtime, in a ventilated room, and preferably in a group of children. The optimal duration of such a gym is 20-25 minutes.

The psyche of the four-year plan develops very actively and the spectrum of the kid's emotions expands. In addition, children 4-5 years old are very susceptible to the reaction of an adult. If parents or caregivers treat a child approvingly and respectfully, it helps in forming a positive child's self-image.

Classes for the mental development of children 4-4.5 years old include exercises that affect the attention of the baby, as well as memory and thinking. The child is offered:

• Summarize the subjects on any basis.
• Collect the image consisting of 3-4 parts.
• Identify the similarities and differences in drawings and toys.
• Choose from a group of items the same.
• Repeat a specific sequence of movements, which showed an adult.
• Assemble from the constructor of the building, focusing on the sample.
• Determine in the group of objects once, and then explain your choice.
• Find antonyms to words.
• Memorize the plot picture.
• Retell the tale.
• By heart to tell the rhymes and poems.
• Describe a bright event that happened recently.

For memory termination, conduct with your child the lessons shown in the next video from SovaFilmProduction.

The development of the emotions of a 4-year-old child is an important part of the full development of the crumbs. A child of this age begins to understand the relationship of people, may notice that a person has changed mood next to, is able to express their own emotions.

Sensory development of the child affects the baby's sense organs, which are responsible for hearing, scent, and touch. The child is offered to determine the characteristics of objects by touch.So baby learns that objects are hard or soft, rough or smooth, warm or cold. Also in the lessons for sensory development include games related to smells and tastes.

By the age of four, the child is already familiar with some musical instruments, small pieces, music with a different rhythm. The child already has favorite tunes, having heard that, the little one will sing along.

The development of speech is extremely important for every child of 4 years of age. First of all, it is influenced by the communication of the child with adults, as well as with other children. This increases the vocabulary of a peanut, teaches him to build sentences and express his opinion in words. At the age of 4, many children still do not pronounce the hissing and "p", so with four years in the form of games, they often teach the pronunciation of these sounds.

To stimulate the development of speech of children 4-4.5 years old, you can:

• Learn with them poems and songs.
• View pictures with the plot and discuss them.
• Consider the fairy tale in pictures and reproduce its plot.
• Together with my mother to read stories and discuss them.
• Play tales in audio recordings.
• Solve riddles.
• Discuss before bedtime how the day went.
• Do articulation gymnastics.
• Learn letters and sounds.
• Define the first letter in the word, divide the words into syllables.

Sing the next song Lyubi TV channel with your child.

If a child in 4 years has a small vocabulary or formulates sentences with complexity, it is necessary to evaluate the dynamics of his speech development. For details, see E. Komarovsky's video.

The development of motor skills is considered a very important point in the development plan for young children. Classes for fine motor skills stimulate speech development by influencing the brain area responsible for speech. Such activities include games with sand, cubes, constructors, beads, grits, beans. Perform finger exercises with the baby, tie knots on the cord, fasten and unzip, buttons, buttons, hooks. At the age of 4 years, add crafts for which you need to cut something with scissors and glue.

For the development of fine motor skills of the child, you can use regular croup. How to conduct such a lesson, see the video channel TSV "Mom's School."

A child of four years old is actively exploring the world, and the development of his cognitive sphere should be aimed at improving memory, thinking, logic, attention.

Usually, classes for the cognitive development of a 4-year-old child have a specific theme, for example, “pets”, “spring”, “water”, “ground transportation”, “professions”, “night” and others. Games are organized on this theme with the child, during which the baby will determine colors, shadows, shapes, differences and similar elements, parts of the whole, generalizing properties, superfluous, opposites, missing elements and much more.

A child of 4-5 years is important to learn to focus on a specific task, as well as to notice small details. These skills will be needed in the future for him to succeed in school.

To develop the attention of a 4-year-old crumb, you can offer your child:

• Repeat for mom, for example, sit down - stand up - close your eyes - touch your ear - open your eyes - put your hand to the side.
• Play with the ball in the "edible-inedible", "flying-not flying."
• Cross out the letter in the printed text. To complicate this task, one letter can be crossed out, and the second one can be underlined.
• Mom touches parts of the face and calls them, the child should repeat her actions. Then mom starts to "make mistakes."

For a 4-year-old child, learning math should be an exciting and fun game.It is convenient to teach the child to mathematics while walking, for example, to count the steps, passing cars, houses, birds. Fingers or special counting sticks can be used to explain simple examples.

Classes aimed at the creative abilities of the child, like most kids. These include drawing, the creation of various handicrafts and applications, modeling with salt dough or plasticine, as well as role-playing games.

Parents should be alerted if a child is 4 years old:

• Can not go down the stairs in alternating steps.
• Do not give your first and last name, as well as your gender.
• Can not summarize several items in one word.
• Not able to learn a short verse.
• Does not remember the plot of the story.
• Can't count to 5.
• Does not know simple geometric shapes.
• Does not know the primary colors.
• Can't build a bridge of cubes on the model.
• Cannot assemble a pyramid of 5 parts.
• Shows cruelty to an animal, toy or other child.
• Sluggish and apathetic during the day, or, on the contrary, often agitated.

1. The game "what happens." Ask your child what items can be long, sharp, round, solid, fragrant, blue, liquid and so on.
2. The game "what happens if." We discuss with the child the given situations, for example, “what happens if a ball falls into the water”, “what happens if I fall into the snow”.
3. The game that can be done. We ask the kid what to do with an apple, a ball, water, cookies, sand, and so on. Another option of such a game will be a discussion “with what you can do” - to drink, eat, sew, pour, buy.
4. The game "what where." We ask the toddler, which is located in the hallway, in the nursery, in the kitchen. Then we ask to say which room has a griddle, a wardrobe, a TV and so on.
5. The game "guess who." We describe the animal in a few words and suggest crumbs to guess. For example, "guess who is fluffy, red and cunning."
6. Stimulate pronunciation sizzling. We hiss like a snake, we drive the sparrow “shoo-shoo”, we pronounce the sayings with “w”, we buzz like a fly, we repeat the sayings with “w”, alternately we hum and sizzle. In order for the child to distinguish between “s” and “sh”, we pronounce them in turn. To distinguish "sh" from "z", we imagine ourselves as a fly, and then a mosquito. For the pronunciation of the sound “h”, we suggest that the baby imagine himself a train.
7. We carry out gymnastics for the tongue and lips. We smile with the silent pronunciation “and” (like a frog), stretch our lips forward with silent “y” (like an elephant), open and close our mouth without sounds (like a fish), open our mouth, move our tongue up and down side to each corner of the mouth (like a clock), keep a relaxed tongue on the lower lip (like a shovel), pull the tongue forward (like a needle).

For the formulation of the sound "P" do the exercise "Snake", shown by speech therapist Julia Orlova.

Articulation gymnastics will help the child to speak sound more clearly. Perform the tasks from the following videos shown by speech therapist Tatyana Lazareva.

Classes for the development of a child of 4 years should be planned in advance, and best of all - for a week. So you do not miss important for your baby types of development, do not overload the crumbs and can prepare all the materials in advance. In drawing up a weekly plan of developmental activities at the age of 4-4.5 years, first of all they take into account whether the kid attends a kindergarten. If the crumb all day in the garden, you need to clarify these points:

• A child in the garden already has daily developmental activities and regular physical activity.
• Engaging with the baby at home will work only in the evening and on weekends.
• In the evening you should not plan active activities.
• After returning from the garden there is not much time left for classes, therefore, as a rule, only 1-2 classes are planned.
• It is worth knowing what program they are doing with the baby in the garden, so as not to duplicate the classes, but to supplement them.

For a child who does not attend child care, the lesson plan will be more extensive. In compiling it, the interests of the child, the available skills, a visit to a development school or a sports section are taken into account.

We offer this approximate weekly developmental program for a 4-year-old child:

How to raise a child from 3 to 6 years, see the video channel Education. Tv

• At 4 years of age, a child can be enrolled in some sports sections. Attending sporting activities will not only give you the opportunity to spend energy, but also help you learn new skills and understand what discipline is.
• More often praise the child and give him enough attention. The baby has become more mature, but still needs parents.
• From the age of 4, children can be taken to the cinema, circus and similar places. To get acquainted with this option pastime was successful, do not immediately take tickets to the first row.
• Hearing hundreds of children's questions every day, it is important to remain a patient and wise parent. Do not refuse to answer the crumbs, even if you do not know what to say. Together, look for the answer and satisfy children's curiosity.
• Children 4-5 years old, you can begin to teach foreign languages. Classes, of course, should be in the form of a game.

For the normal development of a four-year-old child, it is important to maintain his health, so parents should pay attention to the regime of the day toddler and baby care:

• The child should be provided with proper rest. Every day, 4-year-old children sleep an average of 11-12 hours. Many four-year-olds protest against daytime sleep, but physicians emphasize that daytime rest is still necessary for children of this age.
• Every morning in the mode of a 4-year-old child there are already familiar hygienic procedures. The kid is washing himself, brushing his teeth, visiting the toilet, combing his hair. Wash your hands after a walk and before eating four years still often have to be reminded.
• A child must have daily walks, in which a four-year-old baby will be sufficiently moving. In addition, you can walk with friends, coming up with moving and exciting games.
• If parents engage in hardening a child from an early age, but such procedures continue and are carried out systematically.
• With 4-year-olds, they walk twice a day, picking up clothes for the weather.
• Meals for children of this age provides four meals with pauses between them for 3-4 hours. The nutritional value of a 4-year-old child’s diet is about 1,700 kcal per day. Read more about this in the article about child menu from 4 to 6 years.